Activity 1: Write the Chapter Introduction ( completed)
Activity Description
Write the Introduction to Chapter Four: The first step in developing chapter four is to create an introduction to chapter four this section should include includes a brief overview of the focus of the study and the research questions.
Submit the outline which will be a page or less in length.
Activity 2: Identify and Describe Participants and Location ( completed)
Activity Description
In Chapter Four a description of the participants and setting is provided. A detailed description is provided in order to accurately situate the findings for the study. This discussion should include overall demographics relevant to the study concerning participants and the setting or location. In some cases, a description of the community is necessary. Keep in mind even in theoretical studies there is a population of focus and often a geographic region that should be appropriately described. A paragraph description is required for all participants interviewed. Keep in mind any issues regarding confidentiality. Graphical representations of demographic data are standard in this section.
Provide a description of the participants and location. 1 to 3 pages as needed.
Activity 3: Describe Identification of Themes or Significant
Activity Description
Write the Themes or Significant Results: Following the introduction and any demographic information, you assert the significant results or themes in response to the research questions. This is a very clear and structured presentation of the results. Create an outline for presentation of the results to help facilitate the presentation of the evidence.
For Quantitative Studies The outline should start with the Research Question then followed by Results.
For Qualitative Studies the outline should start with the Research Question, followed by the interview question that best corresponds to the research question and then themes related to participants response. Keep in mind that this is an outline so themes should be words or short phrases. Major themes include ideas, concepts, or issues identified by half or more of the participants. Minor themes are those ideas, concepts, or issues identified by two or more but less than half of the participants.
The layout should be:
Research Question
Interview Question
Theme
Theme
Theme
For Qualitative Systematic Reviews the outline should begin with Research Questions followed by themes. One important note. The themes in the chapter four cannot simply be headings from chapter two. The themes must be ideas of concepts that provide answers to the research questions as a result of the reviewed studies. Themes should be a word or phrase that describes the idea or concept being presented.
The Layout should be:
Research Question
Theme
Theme
Theme
Submit paper for the outline of the presentation of the results to reflect significant results or themes. 2 to 4 pages.
Activity 4: Write the context for each Research Question
Activity Description
Context for Research Questions: The first step in presenting the results to the research questions is to remind the reader the context for the questions. When the research question was established, the researcher has a particular aim and scope in mind. In Chapter Two the literature review provided a foundation for what is known about key areas of the study. Using the foundation established in Chapter Two provide an introduction for each research question and include context for the range of possibilities in response to the question using the literature presented in chapter two. From the context are the statistical results or themes.
Submit paper describing the context for each research question. 1 to 2 pages.
Activity 5: Presentation of Results Research Question One
Activity Description
Presentation of Results: The presentation of the results for the research questions will follow your description of the participants and location. Present the results in response to specific research question one. Provide the context for the research questions. Assert predominate results or themes in response to the questions and then present in that order. Note themes generally emerge in more than one way. Clearly show the themes or responses that are predominate. Over half of participant indication is needed to establish a theme (ie: 5 out of 8). As you present the results present a Discussion of each Result that includes a brief interpretation of the results to give the data meaning. Use the doctoral project template to present the results.
Submit paper for presentation of Results for Research Question One. Paper should be 3 to 8 pages depending on type of study (Qualitative or Theoretical Studies tend to be longer due to the necessary depth and richness of the data)
Activity 6: Presentation of Results Research Questions T
Activity Description
Presentation of Results: The presentation of the results for the research questions will follow your description of the participants and location. Present the results in response to specific research questions two, three and any additional research questions you may have. Provide the context for the research questions. Assert predominate results or themes in response to the questions and then present in that order. Note themes generally emerge in more than one way. Clearly show the themes or responses that are predominate. Over half of participant indication is needed to establish a theme (ie: 5 out of 8). As you present the results present a Discussion of each Result that includes a brief interpretation of the results to give the data meaning. Use the doctoral project template to present the results.
Submit paper for presentation of Results for Research Questions Two, Three and any additional research questions you may have. Paper should be 3 to 8 pages depending on type of study (Qualitative or Theoretical Studies tend to be longer due to the necessary depth and richness of the data).
Activity Outcomes
Juxtapose the findings with scholarly literature relative to the topic.
Activity 7: Complete Chapter 4 with Rubric (sum of Activity 1-6)
Activity Description
Chapter Four is the presentation of results for your Doctoral Project. It gives the reader sufficient information about the participants and location and the significant or predominate results in response to the research questions.
Chapter Four contains the following parts: Introduction with Research Questions, Participant and location description, results to each research questions, and summary. Please refer to the Doctoral Project Manual and video for additional information on Chapter 4.
Chapter Four is where the results from this project are articulated in response to the research questions.
An introduction of the chapter is provided which includes a brief overview of the focus of the study. Next, describe the participants and location. The results will follow in response to each research questions. Only the amount of explanation necessary to help the reader understand the basis for the outcomes of the results is included. The discussion of the research and implications is reserved for Chapter Five. The report of the results must be thorough enough for the reader to make an independent judgment about the research. Summarize the overall findings established from the results presented.
Use the doctoral project template and submit paper of Chapter Four with the Rubric. 10 to 30 pages depending on methodology and your specific study.
You will submit your Chapter Four again in Section 8.
Activity Outcomes
Juxtapose the findings with scholarly literature relative to the topic.
Activity 8: Description of Study
Activity Description
Chapter Five is where the discussion of the findings from the study are presented. The discussion should align the findings with the theoretical and conceptual framework that was defined in Chapter Two.
Begin with a brief overview of the study which includes the purpose of your study. Name the methodology. For example, you might say The purpose of this quantitative study was to . . . .
The introduction to Chapter 5 includes a brief overview of your study, which includes the problem, purpose, research questions and brief description of the methodology.
Submit paper with the introduction of your Chapter 5. 1 page.
Activity Outcomes
Provide an answer to each research question posed.
Activity 9: Discussion of Findings
Activity Description
Assert and connect the findings to the predominate studies identified in the literature review, indicating how the results relate to this literature and provides explanations for the findings. Although much of this creative emphasis will be revealed in how the results are correlated with the existing literature, the significance of the findings beyond data analysis should be speculated. Provide a discussion regarding changes in the limitations or delimitations of the research if any.
Submit paper with the discussion of the findings for your study. 4-5 pages.
Activity 10: Present Implications for Practice
Activity Description
Write Recommendations for Practice: The candidate will present a discussion of the implications of the study for professional practice and scholarly work in the field of psychology. The candidate should clearly present how the knowledge gained through this study should be applied in the practice of psychology respective to the specific area of focus. This is you should articulate your expertise. Do not be modest or shy in this section you know the topic and let it be known, this include your views on changes in practice.
Submit paper describing the Implications for Practice and Recommendations for Research. 2 to 4 pages.
Activity Outcomes
Postulate implications for practice linked to specific findings.
Activity 11: Link Recommendations to Findings and Study
Activity Description
Write Recommendations for Research: The candidate will present suggested future research topics based on the study that could expand this field of knowledge from the study or which will direct scholars to new areas for further exploration. You should where provide clear ideas on the type of study that would best address the identified research needs including suggested methodology. Keep in mind someone may see this information and be inspired to conduct that recommended research.
Submit paper describing the Implications for Practice and Recommendations for Research. 2 to 4 pages.
Activity 12: Submit Chapter Five with Rubric (sum of Activity 8-11)
Activity Description
Chapter Five is where the discussion of the findings from the study are presented. The discussion should align the findings with the theoretical framework that was defined in Chapter One.
Begin with a brief overview of the study which includes the description of the methodology and the purpose of the study.
Next connect the results to the predominate studies identified in the literature review, indicating how the results relate to this literature and provides explanations for the results. Although much of this creative emphasis will be revealed in how the results are correlated with the existing literature, the significance of the results beyond data analysis should be speculated. Provide a discussion regarding changes in the limitations or delimitations of the research.
You will present a discussion of the implications of the study for professional practice and scholarly work in the field of psychology. Include are any recommendations for changes in psychological concepts and knowledge, or any recommended changes applied to clinical practice. All implications are to be linked explicitly to specific results from the candidates study.
Additionally, you will present suggested future research topics based on your study that could expand this field of knowledge or which will direct scholars to new areas for further exploration.
Finally, you will summarize personal insights and any final reflections in conclusion of the study.
Use the Doctoral Project template and submit paper of your Chapter Five with the Rubric. 10 to 15 pages.
Note: The Doc Project Assessment Rubrics is located under Resources in your course
Activity Outcomes
Juxtapose the findings with scholarly literature relative to the topic.
Activity Description
An important aspect of the doctoral project process is the review and refinement of your work. The refinement of work is necessary as you become more expert in your study. Having completed Chapters 4 and 5, you will need to go back and review your Chapter One, Two and Three and refine those chapters to support your results and findings. Keep in mind in scholarly writing work can always be improved upon. The expectation is that identify areas to improve upon the writing and highlights changes so that the chair can easily see what is changed.
.
Activity Outcomes
Juxtapose the findings with scholarly literature relative to the topic.
Activity 16: Timeline for Doctoral Project to Graduation
Activity Description
Complete Timeline for Doctoral Project Coursework to Graduation. Discuss any issues or concerns regarding the completion of the project. What challenges are you experiencing or anticipate facing? What strategies will you use to overcome them? See sample under Additional Resources
Loyola University Chicago Loyola University Chicago
Loyola eCommons Loyola eCommons
Dissertations Theses and Dissertations
2011
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of
Child-Parent Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Child-Parent Interventions for Children and Adolescents with
Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders
Kristen Brendel
Loyola University Chicago
Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss
Part of the Social Work Commons
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation
Brendel, Kristen, “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Child-Parent
Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders” (2011). Dissertations. 249.
https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/249
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons.
It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more
information, please contact [email protected]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
Copyright © 2011 Kristen Brendel
LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
CHILD-PARENT INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH
ANXIETY DISORDERS
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO
THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
PROGRAM IN SOCIAL WORK
BY
KRISTEN ESPOSITO BRENDEL
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
MAY 2011
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Copyright by Kristen Esposito Brendel, 2011
All rights reserved.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to extend my profound appreciation to the many people who have
committed themselves to helping me achieve my academic goals. It is through their
dedication and support that I was able to realize my potential. I am eternally grateful to
you all and hope that I can make you all proud.
I would first like to express my appreciation to my dissertation committee
members who have encouraged and supported me both academically and emotionally
throughout this process. Dr. Alan Levy, my committee chair, has been the most
influential person in my academic career. He has been a dedicated mentor to me since my
first year in the doctoral program. He has served as a voice of support when I needed
encouragement, a voice of breadth and depth when I was thinking too linearly, and a
voice of experience when I was limited by my own knowledge. I am forever indebted to
him for seeing my ability to fit in at the grown up table.
If it were not for Dr. Johnny Kim, this dissertation would not have been possible.
Dr. Kim readily shared his time, talents, and knowledge with me from inception to
completion. Dr. Kim took me on in good faith, despite my lack of experience with meta-
analysis. He acted as my guide, teacher, and editor. He taught me to fish and to cast my
line in waters that he was confident I would find success. With Dr. Kims support and
guidance, I not only learned how to conduct a meta-analysis but also what it means to be
a truly giving person.
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Dr. James Marley has been a constant support to me throughout my time at
Loyola University Chicago. His kind words of encouragement helped me move through
times of disequilibrium on more than one occasion. His knowledge and support have
been an uplifting part of this process.
I would also like to thank faculty for extending their knowledge, providing me
with support, and helping me grow as a scholar and a social worker. I am extremely
grateful to Dr. Terry Northcutt for admitting me into the PhD program. She was the first
to recognize my potential. She also allowed me to vary my practicum, resulting in
furthering my experiences as a researcher, teacher, and a clinician. I also want to thank
her for her complete understanding of the challenges of balancing family, career, and
school. I am thankful for Dr. Marta Lundy for always being willing to share her time and
talents and as I facilitated my first publication under her guidance. Dr. Michael Kelly
encouraged me in my journey to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. I am
especially grateful to him for suggesting to me that I contact Dr. Kim for assistance with
my meta-analysis. I would also like to thank Dr. Julia Pryce for her willingness to allow
me to join her in her research endeavors and provide me with support and freedom to
explore the qualitative research process. Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to
Dr. Michael Borenstein for being a wonderful educator of meta-analyses. He had a way
of breaking down very complicated material in a manner that was easy to understand. I
appreciate his patience and his willingness to share his wealth of knowledge with me.
Next, I would like to thank my cohort and colleagues in the doctoral program at
Loyola. They have been a second family to me and I am so grateful for all of them. I
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would particularly like to extend my appreciation to Jeffrey Bulanda, Kala Melchiori and
Erika Price. I thank them for readily sharing their time and talents.
I would like to express my deepest love and gratitude to my family. First, to my
husband John, who has by far been my biggest support. His understanding, love,
patience, and belief in me have been unrelenting throughout this process. Next, my
daughter Giannashe has been my little shining light and inspiration. I love them both
with all of my heart and hope to make them proud. My father and mother, Jim and
Ginger, were the first to see my potential from an early age. I appreciate their continued
support throughout my life. Their messages of belief in me have been my foundation and
their encouraging words still echo in my mind. My sister Michelle has been my biggest
cheerleader. She is so special to me, is always on my side, and supports me regardless of
the situation. Her unconditional love enabled me to feel confident enough to pursue
higher education. My brother-in-law Brad has also been encouraging to me. It has been
with his sincerity that I have been able to feel like what I am doing can be helpful to
children and adolescents. My brother Mike and his wife Marg have also added to the
richness of this experience. Their comic relief and pride in me have not gone unnoticed.
Lastly, my friends have been great throughout this process. They stood by me
when I was unable to socialize due to having to research, study, or write. They have also
provided me with many occasions of fun and laughter. I would like to give special
recognition to Dr. Brandy Maynard, my friend and colleague. She has been one of my
biggest supporters both personally and academically. Becoming acquainted with Dr.
Maynard has been one of the most rewarding outcomes of this program. I also would like
to thank Brandy S.K. Wegman for also being available to my family and me when
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needed, and for always knowing when to provide much-needed fun and laughter. I would
also like to acknowledge my other long time friends, Angela Benitez, Dara Dann, Heidi
Marston, Kathy Melton, Rachel Pattermann, Vicky Topping, and Kara Wyckoff for their
enduring friendship, love and support.
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This dissertation is dedicated with love to
my husband John, my daughter Gianna, and my parents, Jim and Ginger.
I also dedicate this dissertation to my clients, both past and present, and all children and
adolescents with anxiety disorders.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………….. iii
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. x
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………………….. xi
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………… 1
Background ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
History of Research on Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders …………………….. 2
Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Purpose of the Study ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Research Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Overview of Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ……………………………………………………………… 6
Limitations of Meta-Analysis …………………………………………………………………………… 8
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
Relevance to Social Work …………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Practice Implications ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………………………. 13
Definitions………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13
Assessment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Family Observations ……………………………………………………………………………………… 25
School and Peer Observation ………………………………………………………………………….. 26
Measures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
Parental Factors …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
Child-Parent Interventions ……………………………………………………………………………… 32
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………. 41
Systematic Review of the Literature …………………………………………………………………… 41
Problem Formulation …………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
Description of Methods Used in Primary Research ……………………………………………. 43
Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion of Studies in the Review ……………………………….. 44
Search Strategy for Identification of Relevant Studies ……………………………………….. 46
Conducting and Documenting the Search and Selection Process …………………………. 47
Criteria for Determination of Independent Findings ………………………………………….. 48
Statistical Procedures and Conventions ……………………………………………………………. 49
Treatment of Qualitative Research ………………………………………………………………….. 55
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS …………………………………………………………………………….. 56
Meta-Analysis Studies ……………………………………………………………………………………… 56
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Research Designs ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
Participants …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
Setting …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68
Treatment Fidelity …………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
Meta-Analysis Results ……………………………………………………………………………………… 70
Waitlist Control …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73
Follow-Up ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74
Publication Bias ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 75
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………………………. 77
Small Effect Size……………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
Delayed Effects …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 79
Limitations and Implications for Future Research and Practice ……………………………… 80
Follow-Up Data …………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
Small Sample Size ………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
Non-Qualifying Studies …………………………………………………………………………………. 81
Statistical Information ……………………………………………………………………………………. 82
Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status ………………………………………………………………… 83
Age ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
Gender …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 84
Secondary Diagnoses …………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
Parental Anxiety……………………………………………………………………………………………. 85
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
APPENDIX A: CLINICAL TRIALS OF FAMILY INVOLVEMENT FOR
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS ………………….. 88
APPENDIX B: LITERATURE REVIEWED ………………………………………………………… 98
REFERENCE LIST ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 105
VITA ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 116
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Detailed Study Information …………………………………………………………………….. 57
Table 2: Family Demographic Information ……………………………………………………………. 66
Table 3: Diagnoses ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
Table 4: Study Settings ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
Table 5: Treatment Providers……………………………………………………………………………….. 70
Table 6: Po
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